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GNSS&LEO卫星信息汇总

Create on 2020-11-17T03:34:55Z

written by Huang Jiande

# 背景

主要是GNSS和LEO各系统的现状，这些信息在网上和论文里面都有，但是因为每次打开IGS网站都很卡，而且莫名其妙会崩溃，所有就转载在这里了。

## Galileo

转载自：

- [Galileo IGS](http://mgex.igs.org/IGS_MGEX_Status_GAL.php)

### 卫星列表

| Common Name        | SVN  | Int. Sat. ID | NORAD ID | NORAD Name       | PRN  | Notes                                    |
| :----------------- | :--- | :----------- | :------- | :--------------- | ---- | :--------------------------------------- |
| IOV-1, Galileo PFM | E101 | 2011-060A    | 37846    | GALILEO-PFM      | E11  | Slot B05                                 |
| IOV-2, Galileo FM2 | E102 | 2011-060B    | 37847    | GALILEO-FM2      | E12  | Slot B06                                 |
| IOV-3, Galileo FM3 | E103 | 2012-055A    | 38857    | GALILEO-FM3      | E19  | Slot C04                                 |
| IOV-4, Galileo FM4 | E104 | 2012-055B    | 38858    | GALILEO-FM4      | E20  | Slot C05                                 |
| FOC-1              | E201 | 2014-050A    | 40128    | GALILEO 5 (261)  | E18  | Orbit injection failure (i=49.7° e=0.23) |
| FOC-2              | E202 | 2014-050B    | 40129    | GALILEO 6 (262)  | E14  | Orbit injection failure (i=49.7° e=0.23) |
| FOC-3              | E203 | 2015-017A    | 40544    | GALILEO 7 (263)  | E26  | Slot B08                                 |
| FOC-4              | E204 | 2015-017B    | 40545    | GALILEO 8 (264)  | E22  | Slot B03                                 |
| FOC-5              | E205 | 2015-045A    | 40889    | GALILEO 9 (205)  | E24  | Slot A08                                 |
| FOC-6              | E206 | 2015-045B    | 40890    | GALILEO 10 (206) | E30  | Slot A05                                 |
| FOC-8              | E208 | 2015-079B    | 41174    | GALILEO 12 (269) | E08  | Slot C07                                 |
| FOC-9              | E209 | 2015-079A    | 41175    | GALILEO 11 (268) | E09  | Slot C02                                 |
| FOC-10             | E210 | 2016-030B    | 41550    | GALILEO 13 (26A) | E01  | Slot A02                                 |
| FOC-11             | E211 | 2016-030A    | 41549    | GALILEO 14 (26B) | E02  | Slot A06                                 |
| FOC-7              | E207 | 2016-069A    | 41859    | GALILEO 15 (267) | E07  | Slot C06                                 |
| FOC-12             | E212 | 2016-069B    | 41860    | GALILEO 16 (26C) | E03  | Slot C08                                 |
| FOC-13             | E213 | 2016-069C    | 41861    | GALILEO 17 (26D) | E04  | Slot C03                                 |
| FOC-14             | E214 | 2016-069D    | 41862    | GALILEO 18 (26E) | E05  | Slot C01                                 |
| FOC-15             | E215 | 2017-079A    | 43055    | GALILEO 19 (2C5) | E21  | Slot A03                                 |
| FOC-16             | E216 | 2017-079B    | 43056    | GALILEO 20 (2C6) | E25  | Slot A07                                 |
| FOC-17             | E217 | 2017-079C    | 43057    | GALILEO 21 (2C7) | E27  | Slot A04                                 |
| FOC-18             | E218 | 2017-079D    | 43058    | GALILEO 22 (2C8) | E31  | Slot A01                                 |
| FOC-19             | E219 | 2018-060C    | 43566    | GALILEO 23 (2C9) | E36  | Slot B04                                 |
| FOC-20             | E220 | 2018-060D    | 43567    | GALILEO 24 (2C0) | E13  | Slot B01                                 |
| FOC-21             | E221 | 2018-060A    | 43564    | GALILEO 25 (2C1) | E15  | Slot B02                                 |
| FOC-22             | E222 | 2018-060B    | 43565    | GALILEO 26 (2C2) | E33  | Slot B07                                 |

### 卫星参数

Metadata for Galileo IOV and FOC satellites including attitude law, mass, center of mass, satellite antenna PCOs and PCVs,  geometry and optical properties, as well as satellite group delays are provided by the   [European GNSS Service Center](https://www.gsc-europa.eu/support-to-developers/galileo-iov-satellite-metadata).   Additional information on the FOC satellites is given in the     [OHB Galileo Space Segment Brochure](https://www.ohb-system.de/tl_files/system/images/mediathek/downloads/pdf/120830_OHB_10604_Messe_Galileo_2012.pdf).

| Parameter        | IOV                      | FOC                                             |
| ---------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Launch mass      | 700 kg                   | 733 kg                                          |
| Body size        | 2.61 m x 1.15 m x 1.15 m | 2.53 m x 1.20 m x 1.10 m                        |
| Solar array size | 2 x 2 x 2.5 m x 1.1 m    | 2 x 2 x 2.5 m x 1.1 m                           |
| Span width       | 14.5 m                   | 14.7 m                                          |
| SRP acceleration | 113 nm/s2                | 107 nm/s2 (FOC-1/2)          114 nm/s2 (others) |

The Galileo-IOV/FOC spacecraft are equipped with broadband GNSS antennas for     the E1, E5ab and E6 frequency bands and with a laser retroreflector array (LRA)    for satellite laser ranging.

![](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/0081Kckwgy1gks0m5s2roj30tj0lcgyf.jpg)

![](https://tva1.sinaimg.cn/large/0081Kckwgy1gks0mkz70wj30tj0lcgwe.jpg)

### 天线相位中心（Satellite Antenna Phase Center）

Phase center offsets (PCOs) and variations (PCVs) of the GNSS antenna of the     Galileo IOV and FOC satellites were published by the  [European GNSS Service Center](https://www.gsc-europa.eu/)  in December 2016 and October 2017, respectively. These PCOs and PCVs for  the  are included in the  [IGS14 ANTEX](ftp://ftp.igs.org/pub/station/general/igs14.atx)  file since GPS week 1972 for the IOV satellites and week 1986 for the FOC  satellites.

All values refer to the IGS-specific spacecraft coordinate system illustrated  in blue in Fig above. The spacecraft coordinate system is aligned with the main body axes  and originates near the anti-Earth panel. By convention of the IGS

-  the +zIGS-axis is oriented along the boresight direction of the antenna,      
-  the yIGS-axis is parallel to the rotation axis of the solar panels and the positive yIGS-direction is defined through the adopted  +xIGS-direction,      
-  the +xIGS-axis completes a right handed system and is chosen such that the Sun is always located in the +xIGS hemisphere  during nominal yaw-steering.

The detailed orientation of the +xIGS and +yIGS-axes for individual     satellites is defined as shown in the drawings.

Due to an initial lack of publicly available measured antenna phase center offsets     conventional values of (x,y,z)IGS=(-0.2 m, 0.0 m, +0.6 m) and (x,y,z)IGS=(+0.15 m, 0.0 m, +1.0 m)  were recommended for orbit and clock determination of  the Galileo-IOV and -FOC satellites, respectively, until GPS week 1914. These values provided a first estimate of the actual phase     center relative to the center of mass based on the images  and models or coarse phase center estimates.

In 2016, GFZ and DLR estimated PCOs for the Galileo IOV and FOC satellites    based on the ionosphere-free linear combination of E1 and E5a [4]. These    values are included in igs08.atx since GPS week 1915 [5]. The switch dates    of the individual ACs are given in the following table:

| Analysis center | com      | gbm      | grm      | tum      | wum  |
| --------------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | ---- |
| Switch date     | 262/2016 | 269/2016 | 262/2016 | 268/2016 | n/a  |

### LRA坐标系

For the modelling of satellite laser ranging measurements nominal  coordinates of the effective LRA reflection point have been specified  by ESA as part of the [ILRS](https://ilrs.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_missions/current_missions/ga01_general.html)    mission support request, see [1].

### 姿态

Similar to the GPS satellites, the attitude of the Galileo satellites is  actively controlled to orient the +zIGS axis towards the Earth.   At the same time the spacecraft is continuously rotated about this axis to maintain the yIGS-axis perpendicular to the plane made up     by the Sun, Earth, and satellite. The +xIGS-panel is  always sunlit, while the -xIGS-panel is oriented towards   "deep space". Details of the IOV attitude control during noon- and midnight     turns in periods when the Sun is close to the orbital plane are     described in [3] although differing from the information published on the   [GSA webpage](https://www.gsc-europa.eu/support-to-developers/galileo-satellite-metadata#3).

### 天线推力（Transmit Power）

Transmit power of GNSS satellites is required for the computation of     antenna thrust. The equivalent isotropic radiation power (EIRP) was    measured by DLR with it's 30 m dish antenna. Values between 95 and 160 W were    obtained for the IOV satellites for different time periods. The FOC satellites    have a significantly higher mean transmit power of 265 W, for details see [6].

### 参考文献

[1] [ Galileo-101 and -102 ILRS SLR Mission Support Request Form (2011/06)](https://ilrs.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov/docs/ILRS_MSR_Galileo_201106.pdf)    
[2] [ILRS Galileo IOV Center of Mass Information](https://ilrs.cddis.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions/satellite_missions/current_missions/ga01_com.html)     
[3] Konrad A., Fischer H.-D., Müller C., Oesterlin W. (2007) "Attitude & orbit control system for Galileo IOV";     17th IFAC Symposium on Automatic Control in Aerospace,     [DOI 10.3182/20070625-5-FR-2916.00006](http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20070625-5-FR-2916.00006)    
[4] Steigenberger P., Fritsche M., Dach R., Schmid R., Montenbruck O., Uhlemann M., Prange L. (2016) "Estimation of     satellite antenna phase center offsets for Galileo", Journal of Geodesy 90(8):773-785,     [DOI 10.1007/s00190-016-0909-6](http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-016-0909-6)

[5] Schmid R. "igs08_1915.atx: Updated phase center offsets for Galileo satellites",     [IGSMAIL-7356](https://lists.igs.org/pipermail/igsmail/2016/001190.html)     
[6] Steigenberger P., Thoelert S., Montenbruck O. (2018)     "GNSS Satellite Transmit Power and its Impact on Orbit Determination",     Journal of Geodesy 92(6): 609-624,     [DOI 10.1007/s00190-017-1082-2](http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-017-1082-2)

### 事件

| Date       | UTC       | Satellite | PRN  | Description                                                  | Notes                                                        |
| ---------- | --------- | --------- | ---- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| 2017/03/01 | Afternoon | FOC-5     | E24  | Start of transmission outage                                 | CONGO/MGEX monitoring, NAGU [2017006](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017006) |
| 2017/03/02 | 10:40     | FOC-7     | E07  | Start of E1 and E5 signal transmission                       | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/03 | 09:44     | FOC-14    | E05  | Start of E1 and E5 signal transmission                       | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/05 | Morning   | FOC-4     | E24  | End of transmission outage                                   | CONGO/MGEX monitoring, NAGU [2017007](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017007) |
| 2017/03/06 | Morning   | FOC-7     | E07  | End of signal transmission                                   | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/06 | Noon      | FOC-14    | E05  | End of signal transmission                                   | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/11 | Morning   | FOC-7     | E07  | Restart of signal transmission                               | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/12 | Morning   | FOC-14    | E05  | Restart of signal transmission                               | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/19 | Morning   | FOC-14    | E05  | Few hours transmission outage                                | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/21 | Morning   | FOC-7     | E07  | Few hours transmission outage                                | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/03/28 | 08:40     | FOC-7     | E07  | Start of broacast message transmission                       | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/04/05 | 05:50     | FOC-14    | E05  | Start of broacast message transmission                       | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/04/22 | Morning   | FOC-12    | E03  | Start of E1 and E5 signal transmission                       | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/04/22 | Evening   | FOC-13    | E04  | Start of E1 and E5 signal transmission                       | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/04/24 | Evening   | FOC-12    | E03  | End of signal transmission                                   | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/04/25 | Afternoon | FOC-13    | E04  | End of signal transmission                                   | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/04/29 | Morning   | FOC-13    | E04  | Restart of signal transmission                               | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/04/29 | Morning   | FOC-13    | E04  | Short transmission outage                                    | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/05/01 | Morning   | FOC-12    | E03  | Restart of signal transmission                               | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/05/01 | Morning   | FOC-12    | E03  | Short transmission outage                                    | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/05/01 | Evening   | FOC-13    | E04  | Start of transmission outage                                 | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/05/02 | Morning   | FOC-13    | E04  | End of transmission outage                                   | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/05/03 | Evening   | FOC-12    | E03  | Start of transmission outage                                 | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/05/04 | Morning   | FOC-12    | E03  | End of transmission outage                                   | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2017/05/14 | 15:50     | ALL       | ALL  | Navigation messages not refreshed for all satellites         | NAGU [2017015](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017015) |
| 2017/05/16 | 12:44     | ALL       | ALL  | Navigation messages refreshed for all satellites             | NAGU [2017016](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017016) |
| 2017/05/29 | 18:23     | FOC-7     | E07  | Satellite declared usable                                    | NAGU [2017018](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017018) |
| 2017/05/30 | 13:15     | FOC-14    | E05  | Satellite declared usable                                    | NAGU [2017017](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017017) |
| 2017/06/16 | Noon      | FOC-6     | E30  | Short transmission outage                                    | CONGO/MGEX monitoring, NAGU [2017023](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017023) |
| 2017/12/08 | Morning   | FOC-4     | E22  | Start of transmission outage due to constellation management | CONGO/MGEX monitoring, NAGU [2017045](http://www.gsc-europa.eu/notice-advisory-to-galileo-users-nagu-2017045) |
| 2018/04/13 | Noon      | FOC-16    | E25  | Start of signal transmission                                 | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2018/05/01 |           | FOC-15    | E21  | Start of signal transmission                                 | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2018/05/07 |           | FOC-18    | E31  | Start of signal transmission                                 | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2018/05/08 |           | FOC-17    | E27  | Start of signal transmission                                 | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2018/06/05 | Morning   | FOC-16    | E25  | Start of broadcast message transmission                      | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2018/06/19 | Morning   | FOC-18    | E31  | Start of broadcast message transmission                      | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |
| 2018/06/20 | Morning   | FOC-17    | E27  | Start of broadcast message transmission                      | CONGO/MGEX monitoring                                        |